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Wetland hydroperiod classification in the western prairies using multitemporal synthetic aperture radar 下载免费PDF全文
Joshua S. Montgomery Chris Hopkinson Brian Brisco Shane Patterson Stewart B. Rood 《水文研究》2018,32(10):1476-1490
Wetlands represent one of the world's most biodiverse and threatened ecosystem types and were diminished globally by about two‐thirds in the 20th century. There is continuing decline in wetland quantity and function due to infilling and other human activities. In addition, with climate change, warmer temperatures and changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration are reducing wetland surface and groundwater supplies, further altering wetland hydrology and vegetation. There is a need to automate inventory and monitoring of wetlands, and as a study system, we investigated the Shepard Slough wetlands complex, which includes numerous wetlands in urban, suburban, and agricultural zones in the prairie pothole region of southern Alberta, Canada. Here, wetlands are generally confined to depressions in the undulating terrain, challenging wetlands inventory and monitoring. This study applied threshold and frequency analysis routines for high‐resolution, single‐polarization (HH) RADARSAT‐2, synthetic aperture radar mapping. This enabled a growing season surface water extent hyroperiod‐based wetland classification, which can support water and wetland resource monitoring. This 3‐year study demonstrated synthetic aperture radar‐derived multitemporal open‐water masks provided an effective index of wetland permanence class, with overall accuracies of 89% to 95% compared with optical validation data, and RMSE between 0.2 and 0.7 m between model and field validation data. This allowed for characterizing the distribution and dynamics of 4 marsh wetlands hydroperiod classes, temporary, seasonal, semipermanent, and permanent, and mapping of the sequential vegetation bands that included emergent, obligate wetland, facultative wetland, and upland plant communities. Hydroperiod variation and surface water extent were found to be influenced by short‐term rainfall events in both wet and dry years. Seasonal hydroperiods in wetlands were particularly variable if there was a decrease in the temporary or semipermanent hydroperiod classes. In years with extreme rain events, the temporary wetlands especially increased relative to longer lasting wetlands (84% in 2015 with significant rainfall events, compared with 42% otherwise). 相似文献
3.
This paper analyzes the backscatter of the microwave signal in a boreal forest environment based on a Ku -band airborne Frequency-Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) profiling radar—Tomoradar. We selected a half-managed boreal forest in the southern part of Finland for a field test. By decomposing the waveform collected by the Tomoradar, the vertical canopy structure was achieved. Based on the amplitude of the waveform, the Backscattered Energy Ratio of Canopy-to-Total (BERCT) was calculated. Meanwhile, the canopy fraction was derived from the corresponding point cloud recorded by a Velodyne VLP-16 LiDAR mounted on the same platform. Lidar-derived canopy fraction was obtained by counting the number of the first/ the strongest returns versus the total amount of returns. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of radar-derived BERCT on lidar-derived canopy fraction and canopy height are investigated. A fitted model is derived to describe the Ku-band microwave backscatter in the boreal forest to numerically analyze the proportion contributed by four factors: lidar-derived canopy fraction, radar-derived canopy height, the radar-derived distance between trees and radar sensor and other factors, from co-polarization Tomoradar measurements. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of the proposed model was 0.0958, and the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.912. The fitted model reveals that the correlation coefficient between radar-derived BERCT and lidar-derived canopy fraction is 0.84, which illustrates that lidar surface reflection explains the majority of the profiling /waveform radar response. Thus, vertical canopy structure derived from lidar can be used for the benefit of radar analysis. 相似文献
4.
基于SAR干涉点目标分析技术的城市地表形变监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过深入研究干涉点目标的相位模型,提出基于空间搜索的邻近点目标干涉相位差解缠方法,用以计算点目标的地形残差和线性形变,以及分离点目标大气延迟相位和非线性形变相位的时空域滤波方法,解决干涉点目标分析中的关键问题.最后,以苏州地区地表沉降监测为应用试验,利用形成的SAR干涉点目标形变信息提取技术,获取苏州市区1992-2002年间的地表沉降信息.研究结果与已有文献记录保持比较好的一致性,证明SAR干涉点目标技术完全可以发展成为应用于城市地表形变监测的实用化技术.Abstract: Interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) is one of the latest developments in radar interferometric processing. It is achieved by analysis of the interferometric phases of some individual point targets, which are discrete and present temporarily stable backscattering characteristics, in long temporal series of interferometric SAR images. This paper analyzes the interferometric phase model of point targets, and then addresses two key issues within IPTA process. Firstly, a spatial searching method is proposed to unwrap the interferometric phase difference between two neighboring point targets. The height residual error and linear deformation rate of each point target can then be calculated, when a global reference point with known height correction and deformation history is chosen. Secondly, a spatial-temporal filtering scheme is proposed to further separate the atmosphere phase and nonlinear deformation phase from the residual interferometric phase. Finally, an experiment of the developed IPTA methodology is conducted over Suzhou urban area. Totally 38 ERS-1/2 SAR scenes are analyzed, and the deformation information over 3 546 point targets in the time span of 1992-2002 are generated. The IPTA-derivecl deformation shows very good agreement with the published result, which demonstrates that the IPTA technique can be developed into an operational tool to map the ground subsidence over urban area. 相似文献
5.
天气雷达用于抗灾和减灾很重要,本文提出一种人工降雨和驱冰雹软件,给出了程序流图,对编程的关键进行了分析,最后结果表明它能提高人控作业效率。 相似文献
6.
方良俊 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(3):91-94
采用4×4不完全双列杂交设计,在NaCl胁迫下对杂交水稻主要农艺性状进行了配合力和遗传力分析.结果表明,在调查的10个性状中有4个性状受NaCl胁迫影响差异较大,母本的千粒重及父本的粒厚一般配力差异显著,杂交组合的株高、粒厚、结实率及千粒重特殊配合力差异极显著,其中杂交组合N28S×中花14具有较高的配合力,受NaCl胁迫影响较低。株高及千粒重的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,可作为杂交水稻耐盐性的选育依据。 相似文献
7.
冰雹云雷达回波自动识别系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用CAPPI资料对立体风暴进行识别,计算并提供出实用的风暴结构参数,采用矩心踊跃法和矩不变量法相结合对单体风暴和混合性风暴回波进行跟踪;最小二第线性外推预报;根据WSD-88D的冰雹算法,在风暴结构基础上本文建立了Windows98操作平台上冰雹识别系统,经单站1年11次强对流天气过程的资料检验,结果表明:雹云识别精度达82%。系统建立了大量人机对话框以方便用户,增加实用性及推广性。 相似文献
8.
Randall D. Campbell 《Experimental Astronomy》2002,14(1):57-60
Keck's Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS), is the facility instrument used for imaging and spectroscopy in the wavelength
range of 3–28 μm at the Keck Observatory. LWS uses an 128 × 128 Si:As blocked impurity band (BIB) array manufactured by the
Boeing Corporation. This paper discusses the method used for optimizing the detector's operating parameters at a temperature
of 8.5 K and bias voltage of 1.2 V. A process for characterizing detective quantum efficiency of BIB detectors is also presented.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Historical evidence shows block breakdown and collapse are actively occurring in large fault aligned caverns in the Yorkshire Dales karst. Deployment of ground penetrating radar at two such sites has provided detailed images of the sedimentary sequences below the present day cavern floor but no large blocks are imaged within the sediments. Solutional processes must be removing limestone from the sediment to allow continued cavern growth. Possible mechanisms to account for the lack of large blocks within the sediment fill are discussed. 相似文献
10.
断层对盖层的破坏主要表现为两个方面:一是减小了盖层的连续封盖面积,二是减小了盖层的厚度。盖层被断层破坏的主要影响因素有断层的断距、倾角和盖层厚度。通过对影响因素研究,提出了盖层有效断接厚度的新概念和计算方法。根据我国部分与断层有关的大-中型气田气柱高度资料,发现了有效断接厚度与所能封闭的最大气柱高度的对数线性关系,并由此提出了评价被断层破坏的盖层封闭能力的新方法。通过对库车坳陷库姆格列木群膏泥岩盖层的应用研究,所得结论与勘探实践完全吻合,证明所提出的评价方法是可行的。 相似文献